Statistics Definitions in Alphabetical Order

Item Definitions Note
A
* 10% Condition sample sizes should be no more than 10% of the population. 10% Condition
* Absolute standard deviation the distance between each value in the data set and that data set’s mean or median Standard Deviation
* Adjusted R2 (Adjusted R-Squared) Adjusted R2 / Adjusted R-Squared
* Admissible Decision Rule An admissible decision rule is a rule for making a statistical decision Admissible Decision Rule
* α Alpha Level (Significance Level) the probability of making the wrong decision when the null hypothesis is true. α Alpha Level
* Alternate Hypothesis an alternative to the null Alternate Hypothesis
* ANOVA ANOVA
* Arithmetic Mean
* ARMA model
* Asch Paradigm.
* Assumption of Independence
* Assumption of Normality
* Average Deviation
* B
* Bell’s Numbers
* Berkson’s Paradox
* Bessel’s Correction.
* Beta Level
* Bias
* Bin
* Binomial Coefficient
* Binomial Distribution
* Bivariate Analysis
* Bogardus Scale
* Box and Whiskers Chart
* Bray Curtis Dissimilarity.
* Business Statistics
* C
* Cardinal Numbers
* Causation
* Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality
* Ceiling Effect
* Censoring
* Central Tendency
* Chauvenet’s Criterion
* Chebyshev’s Inequality
* Chi-Square Statistic
* Classical Probability
* Classical Test Theory
* Closed form solution
* Cluster Sampling
* Clustered Standard Errors
* Clustering
* Cochran’s Q
* Coefficients.
* Coefficient of Association. measures the strength of a relationship Coefficient of Association
* Coefficient of Determination
* Cohen’s Kappa Statistic
* Cohort Study
* Collinear
* Combined Mean
* Concordant and Discordant Pairs
* Conditional Distribution
* Conditional Probability
* Condition Indices
* Confidence Level
* Conservative
* Consistent Estimator
* Contrast.
* Construct Validity
* Content Validity
* Contingency Table
* Continuity Correction Factor
* Contour Plot
* Correlation Coefficient Formula
* Correlogram
* Covariance in Statistics
* Cramer-Rao Lower Bound
* Cronbach’s Alpha
* Cross Covariance
* Cross Validation
* Cumulant Generating Function
* Curvilinear
* D
* Data Distribution
* Data Mining / Data Sets
* Decile
* Delphi Method
* The Delta Method
* Density Curve
* Design Effect
* Deterministic
* Difference in Differences
* Dimensionality
* Direction of Association
* Discrete Choice Models
* Discretization
* Dispersion
* Dot Plot
* Durbin Watson Test
* E
* Effect Size
* Empirical Research
* Empirical Rule
* Equivalence Class
* Error Bar
* Error Term
* Estimator
* ETA squared
* Euler’s Number.
* Expected Value Formula
* Expected Monetary Value
* Experimental Design
* Explained Variance
* External Validity
* Extrapolation
* F
* Factor Analysis
* Factorial!
* F Statistic F-Test
* False Alarm Ratio
* False Positive and Negative
* Finite Sets / Infinite Sets and Statistics
* Fisher’s Exact Test of Independence
* Fisher Information
* Fisher Z
* Five Number Summary
* Fixed Effects
* Floor Effect
* Fractile
* Free parameter
* Friedman’s Test
* Frequency Distribution Table
* Frequency Domain
* Frequency Polygon
* Frequentist Statistics
* Fudicial Inference
* G
* Gamma Function
* Gauss Markov Theorem and Assumptions.
* Geodesy
* Geometric Distribution
* Geometric Mean
* Gini Coefficient
* Goldfeld Quandt Test
* Gold Standard Test
* Goodness of Fit Test
* Graph Theory
* Greatest Possible Error
* Greedy Matching Algorithm
* Guttman’s Lambda-2
* H
* Harmonic Mean
* Heterogeneous
* Heteroscedasticity
* Hidden Markov Model
* Hierarchical Linear Modeling
* Hierarchical Model.
* Homogeneity
* Hotelling’s T-Squared.
* Hypergeometric Distribution
* I
* IID
* Ill posed problem
* Ill-conditioning.
* Illusory association.
* Imaginary Numbers
* Implicit Factors
* Implicitization
* Index Number
* Inductive Statistics
* Inferential Statistics
* Infinitely Divisible
* Integer
* Internal Consistency
* Internal Validity
* Interquartile Range
* Interval Estimate
* Interval Scale
* Inverse Distribution Function
* Inverse Normal
* Ipsative
* Item Response Theory
* J
* Jaccard Index
* Jarque-Bera Test
* Jeffreys Prior
* K
* Kelly’s Measure of Skewness
* KL Divergence.
* Kruskal Wallis Test
* Kuder-Richardson
* Kurtosis
* L
* L-Estimator
* Large Enough Sample Condition
* Latent Semantic Analysis
* Law of Large Numbers
* Least Squares Regression Line
* Levene Test
* Likelihood Function.
* Likelihood Ratio
* Likert Scale
* Limits of Agreement
* Line Graph
* Linear Discriminant Analysis
* Location Parameter
* Logarithms
* Log-Rank test
* Lowess Smoothing
* M
* Mann Whitney U Test
* MAPE
* Marginal Effects
* Marginal Mean
* Market Basket Analysis
* Martingale
* Matched Samples
* Mathematical Statistics
* McNemar Test
* Mean
* Mean Error
* Mean Squared Error
* Median
* Median Absolute Deviation
* Method of Moments
* Middle Fifty
* Midpoint.
* Midrange
* Minimal Detectable Difference
* Minimum Description Length.
* Minimum Spanning Tree
* Mode
* Monotone Likelihood Ratio
* Monotonic Relationship
* Monty Hall Problem
* Monte Carlo Simulation
* Morisita Index
* Moving Average
* Moment
* Moment Generating Function
* Multicollinearity
* Multinomial Coefficient
* Multinomial Theorem
* Multiple Imputation
* Multiset
* N
* Natural Number
* Nearest Neighbor Matching.
* Negative Binomial Experiment
* Nested Model
* Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio
* NonLinearity
* Non Negative Integer
* Non-Parametric Data and Tests
* Non Centrality Parameter
* Normal Probability Plot
* Null Hypothesis
* O
* Observation in Statistics.
* Order Statistics
* Ordinal Numbers and Ordinal Data
* Orthogonality
* P
* P-Value
* Paired Data.
* Parameter
* Parameter Estimation
* Parametric Modeling
* Parametric Tests
* Parameterization.
* Pareto Efficiency.
* Pareto Principle
* Park Test
* Pascal’s Triangle
* Pearson Correlation
* Pearson Mode Skewness
* Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness
* Percent Error
* Percentiles
* Permuted Block Randomization
* Point Estimate
* Population
* Population Mean
* Population Density
* Population Proportion
* Population variance
* Post-hoc
* Power Law
* Power Mean
* Practical Significance
* Predictive Analytics
* Prevalence
* Prime Numbers
* Principal Component Analysis
* Probabilistic Models
* Process Capability Analysis.
* Probability Density Function
* Probability Distribution
* Probability Distribution Table
* Probability Generating Function
* Propensity Score Matching
* Proportion of Variance
* Proportional reduction in error (PRE Test)
* Pygmalion Effect
* Purposive Sampling
* Q
* Quantile
* Quartiles
* Quasi-Statistical
* Quintile
* Q-Value
* R
* Random Seed
* Range
* Random Walk
* Rank Biserial
* Rank Histogram
* Rao Blackwell Theorem
* Rate Parameter
* Rate Ratio
* Ratios and Rates
* Ratio Estimator
* Ratio Scale
* Real Numbers
* Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve
* Regression Equation
* Relative Absolute Error
* Relative Dispersion
* Relative Error
* Relative Precision
* RFM (Customer Value)
* Relative Standard Deviation
* Relative Variance
* Reliability
* Representative Sample
* Rescaling Data
* Residual values
* Residual Sum of Squares
* Resistant Statistics
* Rician Distribution
* Risk Function
* Robust Statistics
* S
* Sample Mean
* Sample Statistic
* Sampling Frame
* Scale Factor
* Scale Invariance
* Scale Parameter
* Seasonal Kendall Test
* Segmented Bar Chart
* Semantic Differential Scale
* Semistructured Interview
* Sensitivity/Specificity
* Sensitivity Analysis
* Serial Correlation
* Sequence Effects
* Shape Parameter
* Shapiro-Wilk Test
* Shared Variance
* Shifting Data
* Simple Effects (see: Main Effects)
* Simple linear regression
* Simple Random Sample
* Simpson’s Diversity Index
* Simpson’s Paradox
* Slope
* Slope Stability Analysis
* Slutsky’s Theorem
* Snowball Sampling
* Spearman-Brown Formula
* squared deviations squared deviations
* Standard Deviation
* Standard Error of Measurement
* Standard Error of a Sample
* Standardized Residuals
* Standardized Variables
* Stanine Score
* Stationarity
* Statistic
* Statistical Analysis
* Statistical Conclusion Validity
* Statistical Noise.
* Statistical Power
* Statistical Process Control
* Statistical Relationship
* Statistical Significance
* Statistical Stability
* Statistical Treatment
* STEN Score
* Stratum
* Stratification
* Stress Strength Model
* Student’s T-Test
* Summary Statistics
* Summation Notation
* Survival Analysis
* T
* T Score
* T Statistic
* Test of Association
* Test-Retest Reliability
* Test Statistic
* Tikhonov Regularization
* Thurstone Scale
* Tolerance Level
* Transformations
* Treatment-As-Usual
* Triangulation
* Trimean
* Trimmed Mean / Truncated Mean
* Turning Point Test
* Tweedie Distribution
* Two Way Table
* Type I and Type II Errors
* Type III and Type IV Errors
* U
* Unbiased
* Uncertainty
* Uncertainty Coefficient
* Undercoverage
* Unidimensionality
* Univariate Analysis
* U Statistic.
* Upper tail and lower tail.
* V
* Variable
* Variability
* Variance Variance
* Variance Inflation Factor
* Variance Sum Law
* Variate.
* Varimax Rotation.
* Volatility.
* V Statistic
* W
* Weighting Factor
* White Test
* Whole Number
* Wilcoxon Signed Rank Sum Test
* Within Mean Square
* Weighted Mean
* W Statistic
* Y/Z
* Yates Correction
* Z Test Z-Test
* Z-Score

  • A
  • 10% Condition
  • Absolute standard deviation
  • Adjusted R
  • Admissible Decision Rule
  • Alpha Level
  • Alternate Hypothesis
  • ANOVA
  • Arithmetic Mean
  • ARMA model
  • Asch Paradigm.
  • Assumption of Independence
  • Assumption of Normality
  • Average Deviation
  • Back to Top
  • B
  • Bell’s Numbers
  • Berkson’s Paradox
  • Bessel’s Correction.
  • Beta Level
  • Bias
  • Bin
  • Binomial Coefficient
  • Binomial Distribution
  • Bivariate Analysis
  • Bogardus Scale
  • Box and Whiskers Chart
  • Bray Curtis Dissimilarity.
  • Business Statistics
  • Back to Top
  • C
  • Cardinal Numbers
  • Causation
  • Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality
  • Ceiling Effect
  • Censoring
  • Central Tendency
  • Chauvenet’s Criterion
  • Chebyshev’s Inequality
  • Chi-Square Statistic
  • Classical Probability
  • Classical Test Theory
  • Closed form solution
  • Cluster Sampling
  • Clustered Standard Errors
  • Clustering
  • Cochran’s Q
  • Coefficients.
  • Coefficient of Association.
  • Coefficient of Determination
  • Cohen’s Kappa Statistic
  • Cohort Study
  • Collinear
  • Combined Mean
  • Concordant and Discordant Pairs
  • Conditional Distribution
  • Conditional Probability
  • Condition Indices
  • Confidence Level
  • Conservative
  • Consistent Estimator
  • Contrast.
  • Construct Validity
  • Content Validity
  • Contingency Table
  • Continuity Correction Factor
  • Contour Plot
  • Correlation Coefficient Formula
  • Correlogram
  • Covariance in Statistics
  • Cramer-Rao Lower Bound
  • Cronbach’s Alpha
  • Cross Covariance
  • Cross Validation
  • Cumulant Generating Function
  • Curvilinear
  • Back to Top
  • D
  • Data Distribution
  • Data Mining / Data Sets
  • Decile
  • Delphi Method
  • The Delta Method
  • Density Curve
  • Design Effect
  • Deterministic
  • Difference in Differences
  • Dimensionality
  • Direction of Association
  • Discrete Choice Models
  • Discretization
  • Dispersion
  • Dot Plot
  • Durbin Watson Test
  • Back to Top
  • E
  • Effect Size
  • Empirical Research
  • Empirical Rule
  • Equivalence Class
  • Error Bar
  • Error Term
  • Estimator
  • ETA squared
  • Euler’s Number.
  • Expected Value Formula
  • Expected Monetary Value
  • Experimental Design
  • Explained Variance
  • External Validity
  • Extrapolation
  • Back to Top
  • F
  • Factor Analysis
  • Factorial!
  • F Statistic
  • False Alarm Ratio
  • False Positive and Negative
  • Finite Sets / Infinite Sets and Statistics
  • Fisher’s Exact Test of Independence
  • Fisher Information
  • Fisher Z
  • Five Number Summary
  • Fixed Effects
  • Floor Effect
  • Fractile
  • Free parameter
  • Friedman’s Test
  • Frequency Distribution Table
  • Frequency Domain
  • Frequency Polygon
  • Frequentist Statistics
  • Fudicial Inference
  • Back to Top
  • G
  • Gamma Function
  • Gauss Markov Theorem and Assumptions.
  • Geodesy
  • Geometric Distribution
  • Geometric Mean
  • Gini Coefficient
  • Goldfeld Quandt Test
  • Gold Standard Test
  • Goodness of Fit Test
  • Graph Theory
  • Greatest Possible Error
  • Greedy Matching Algorithm
  • Guttman’s Lambda-2
  • Back to Top
  • H
  • Harmonic Mean
  • Heterogeneous
  • Heteroscedasticity
  • Hidden Markov Model
  • Hierarchical Linear Modeling
  • Hierarchical Model.
  • Homogeneity
  • Hotelling’s T-Squared.
  • Hypergeometric Distribution
  • Back to Top
  • I
  • IID
  • Ill posed problem
  • Ill-conditioning.
  • Illusory association.
  • Imaginary Numbers
  • Implicit Factors
  • Implicitization
  • Index Number
  • Inductive Statistics
  • Inferential Statistics
  • Infinitely Divisible
  • Integer
  • Internal Consistency
  • Internal Validity
  • Interquartile Range
  • Interval Estimate
  • Interval Scale
  • Inverse Distribution Function
  • Inverse Normal
  • Ipsative
  • Item Response Theory
  • Back to Top
  • J
  • Jaccard Index
  • Jarque-Bera Test
  • Jeffreys Prior
  • K
  • Kelly’s Measure of Skewness
  • KL Divergence.
  • Kruskal Wallis Test
  • Kuder-Richardson
  • Kurtosis
  • Back to Top
  • L
  • L-Estimator
  • Large Enough Sample Condition
  • Latent Semantic Analysis
  • Law of Large Numbers
  • Least Squares Regression Line
  • Levene Test
  • Likelihood Function.
  • Likelihood Ratio
  • Likert Scale
  • Limits of Agreement
  • Line Graph
  • Linear Discriminant Analysis
  • Location Parameter
  • Logarithms
  • Log-Rank test
  • Lowess Smoothing
  • Back to Top
  • M
  • Mann Whitney U Test
  • MAPE
  • Marginal Effects
  • Marginal Mean
  • Market Basket Analysis
  • Martingale
  • Matched Samples
  • Mathematical Statistics
  • McNemar Test
  • Mean
  • Mean Error
  • Mean Squared Error
  • Median
  • Median Absolute Deviation
  • Method of Moments
  • Middle Fifty
  • Midpoint.
  • Midrange
  • Minimal Detectable Difference
  • Minimum Description Length.
  • Minimum Spanning Tree
  • Mode
  • Monotone Likelihood Ratio
  • Monotonic Relationship
  • Monty Hall Problem
  • Monte Carlo Simulation
  • Morisita Index
  • Moving Average
  • Moment
  • Moment Generating Function
  • Multicollinearity
  • Multinomial Coefficient
  • Multinomial Theorem
  • Multiple Imputation
  • Multiset
  • Back to Top
  • N
  • Natural Number
  • Nearest Neighbor Matching.
  • Negative Binomial Experiment
  • Nested Model
  • Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio
  • NonLinearity
  • Non Negative Integer
  • Non-Parametric Data and Tests
  • Non Centrality Parameter
  • Normal Probability Plot
  • Null Hypothesis
  • Back to Top
  • O
  • Observation in Statistics.
  • Order Statistics
  • Ordinal Numbers and Ordinal Data
  • Orthogonality
  • Back to Top
  • P
  • P-Value
  • Paired Data.
  • Parameter
  • Parameter Estimation
  • Parametric Modeling
  • Parametric Tests
  • Parameterization.
  • Pareto Efficiency.
  • Pareto Principle
  • Park Test
  • Pascal’s Triangle
  • Pearson Correlation
  • Pearson Mode Skewness
  • Pearson’s Coefficient of Skewness
  • Percent Error
  • Percentiles
  • Permuted Block Randomization
  • Point Estimate
  • Population
  • Population Mean
  • Population Density
  • Population Proportion
  • Population variance
  • Post-hoc
  • Power Law
  • Power Mean
  • Practical Significance
  • Predictive Analytics
  • Prevalence
  • Prime Numbers
  • Principal Component Analysis
  • Probabilistic Models
  • Process Capability Analysis.
  • Probability Density Function
  • Probability Distribution
  • Probability Distribution Table
  • Probability Generating Function
  • Propensity Score Matching
  • Proportion of Variance
  • Proportional reduction in error (PRE Test)
  • Pygmalion Effect
  • Purposive Sampling
  • Back to Top
  • Q
  • Quantile
  • Quartiles
  • Quasi-Statistical
  • Quintile
  • Q-Value
  • Back to Top
  • R
  • Random Seed
  • Range
  • Random Walk
  • Rank Biserial
  • Rank Histogram
  • Rao Blackwell Theorem
  • Rate Parameter
  • Rate Ratio
  • Ratios and Rates
  • Ratio Estimator
  • Ratio Scale
  • Real Numbers
  • Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve
  • Regression Equation
  • Relative Absolute Error
  • Relative Dispersion
  • Relative Error
  • Relative Precision
  • RFM (Customer Value)
  • Relative Standard Deviation
  • Relative Variance
  • Reliability
  • Representative Sample
  • Rescaling Data
  • Residual values
  • Residual Sum of Squares
  • Resistant Statistics
  • Rician Distribution
  • Risk Function
  • Robust Statistics
  • Back to Top
  • S
  • Sample Mean
  • Sample Statistic
  • Sampling Frame
  • Scale Factor
  • Scale Invariance
  • Scale Parameter
  • Seasonal Kendall Test
  • Segmented Bar Chart
  • Semantic Differential Scale
  • Semistructured Interview
  • Sensitivity/Specificity
  • Sensitivity Analysis
  • Serial Correlation
  • Sequence Effects
  • Shape Parameter
  • Shapiro-Wilk Test
  • Shared Variance
  • Shifting Data
  • Simple Effects (see: Main Effects)
  • Simple linear regression
  • Simple Random Sample
  • Simpson’s Diversity Index
  • Simpson’s Paradox
  • Slope
  • Slope Stability Analysis
  • Slutsky’s Theorem
  • Snowball Sampling
  • Spearman-Brown Formula
  • Standard Deviation
  • Standard Error of Measurement
  • Standard Error of a Sample
  • Standardized Residuals
  • Standardized Variables
  • Stanine Score
  • Stationarity
  • Statistic
  • Statistical Analysis
  • Statistical Conclusion Validity
  • Statistical Noise.
  • Statistical Power
  • Statistical Process Control
  • Statistical Relationship
  • Statistical Significance
  • Statistical Stability
  • Statistical Treatment
  • STEN Score
  • Stratum
  • Stratification
  • Stress Strength Model
  • Student’s T-Test
  • Summary Statistics
  • Summation Notation
  • Survival Analysis
  • Back to Top
  • T
  • T Score
  • T Statistic
  • Test of Association
  • Test-Retest Reliability
  • Test Statistic
  • Tikhonov Regularization
  • Thurstone Scale
  • Tolerance Level
  • Transformations
  • Treatment-As-Usual
  • Triangulation
  • Trimean
  • Trimmed Mean / Truncated Mean
  • Turning Point Test
  • Tweedie Distribution
  • Two Way Table
  • Type I and Type II Errors
  • Type III and Type IV Errors
  • Back to Top
  • U
  • Unbiased
  • Uncertainty
  • Uncertainty Coefficient
  • Undercoverage
  • Unidimensionality
  • Univariate Analysis
  • U Statistic.
  • Upper tail and lower tail.
  • Back to Top
  • V
  • Back to Top
  • Variable
  • Variability
  • Variance
  • Variance Inflation Factor
  • Variance Sum Law
  • Variate.
  • Varimax Rotation.
  • Volatility.
  • V Statistic
  • W
  • Back to Top
  • Weighting Factor
  • White Test
  • Whole Number
  • Wilcoxon Signed Rank Sum Test
  • Within Mean Square
  • Weighted Mean
  • W Statistic
  • Back to Top
  • Y/Z
  • Yates Correction
  • Z Test
  • Z-Score

Reference

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